The successful implementation of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) agreement requires urgent reforms at all levels of government,
the Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) has said.
The ECA told governments should simplify customs procedures and implement digital technologies, such as blockchain and electronic data processing, to reduce trade costs and enhance efficiency.
The advisory was contained in its Economic Report on Africa (ERA), which was officially launched during the 2025 conference of ministers of finance, planning, and economic development (COM 2025).
The report pushed for targeted industrial policies, increased investment in productive capacity, and support for small, and medium enterprises (SMEs).
According to ECA, the measures aim to strengthen Africa’s value chains in key sectors such as agro-processing, automotive, pharmaceuticals, and renewable energy.
The commission also stressed the need for greater investment in digital infrastructure, such as broadband networks, data centres, and internet exchange points.
The ECA said initiatives such as the single African air transport market and the pan-African payments and settlement system are expected to facilitate the free movement of people, goods, and capital.
The commission said another key priority is sustainable urban development, which aims to support policymakers in tackling the challenges posed by rapid urbanisation.
Presenting the findings, the ECA Deputy Executive Secretary and Chief Economist, Hanan Morsy, urged African leaders to consider the social dimensions of AfCFTA.
“What kind of human capital and skills should Africa invest in for the future of work?
“What measures will ensure AfCFTA and the new protocol on women and youth in trade best support women-led businesses and youth employment?” Morsy said.
